Role Of A Social Work Practitioner Social Work Essay

Role Of A Social Work Practitioner Social Work Essay Interrelationship can be defined as a mutual or reciprocal relation (Oxford University Press, 2012). A theory in social work is a framework for understanding (Thompson, 2000a, p. 22). It provides the practitioner with an understanding of client behaviour and emotions. Where theory enables understanding the client and the situation they are encountering, practice is how the practitioner interprets this knowledge and uses it. It is the process of interviewing, accessing and assisting the client. Thompson (2000a) states the relationship between theory and practice can be seen as a direct parallel with that between thinking and doing (p. 4). Social work practitioners learn theories so they can be more competent and professional in their practice. Without theory and a solid knowledge base, the social work practitioner inadvertently becomes less effective (Thompson, 2000a). Howe states (as cited in Collingwood, Emond, Woodward, 2008) some social work practitioners believe that theory is not required and that the best decisions are based on pragmatism and common sense (p. 72). However, according to Fisher and Somerton (as cited in Collingwood et al., 2008) theory may not be explicitly articulated, and it may not be used well, but there is no such thing as theory-less practice (p. 72). An example of a how theory interrelates with practice is what Connolly and Healy (2011) call mountain-moving theories (p. 28). These are approaches that aim to shift oppressive structures and/or dominant discourses so that we can move towards a more equitable society (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). Social work practitioners are considered to have power and influence, therefore they need a practice that does not discriminate, oppress or show prejudice in terms of sexism, racism, ageism and disablism (Thompson, 2006, p. 40). Anti-oppressive practice is the practice in which a social work practitioner strives to reduce, undermine or eliminate discrimination and oppression (Thompson, 2006). When working with a person with a disability, a social work practitioner must be careful not to oppress the client themselves, therefore social work practitioners follow the principle of minimal intervention (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 29). They need to use skills that involve empowerment which means b elieving that people are capable of making their own choices and decisions (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). The social work practitioner would use their knowledge, access to resources, and power to enable the client to feel powerful and supported. They would not make decisions for the client but would let them decide for themselves, giving the client the tools necessary to realise their potential (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). By using the right theory in their practice the social work practitioner has enabled the client to feel validated, giving them greater control of their lives, therefore building up their confidence and allowing them to be valued members of society (Connolly Healy, 2011). Connolly and Healy state anti-oppressive practice provides a theoretical explanation, guidance in terms of approach, and techniques for responding to the needs of people (Connolly Healy, 2011, p. 28). According to Thompson a paradigm is a theoretical approach which encompasses a number of related theories (2000, p. 27). Theoretical paradigms play an important role in social work as they guide the practitioner on what may be happening in the clients world. Social work practitioners can choose which approach to take by which paradigm they deem more appropriate to the situation (Thompson, 2000b). They can choose to focus their practice on a particular or singular paradigm or use multiple paradigms, in an eclectic manner (Poulter, 2005). Poulter states eclectic workers argue that not being locked into one particular paradigm frees practitioners to determine what actually works best in practice (2005, p. 1999). Although there are many theoretical paradigms of social work one main one is systems theory. An understanding of systems theory involves looking at the sociological effects of society on the client and how they are being affected by them (Thompson, 2000b). With Bronfenbrenners ecological theory, the social work practitioner takes the clients current environment into account. This theory includes microsystems, mesosystems, ecosystems and macrosystems (Connolly Healy, 2011). It is a valuable theory because it allows the practitioner to look at the whole picture. For example if there was a problem with a child, the social work practitioner would firstly look at the microsystem surrounding them. This includes the childs family, school, peers and neighbourhood which interact daily with them (Santrock, 2011). The social work practitioner would then look at the mesosystems that impact the clients life; this is the relationship between the childs microsystems and how they affect each other (Santrock, 2011). The ecosystem consists of links between a social setting in which the indiv idual does not have an active role (Santrock, 2011, p. 29), examples of this are parents work places and social welfare services. Here, the social work practitioner looks at how the parents work place or hours of work affect the child or how social welfare is influencing the familys life (Payne, 2005). The macrosystem involves the culture in which individuals live (Payne, 2005, p. 29). This is the familys values and beliefs and how this affects the child. By looking at the whole picture the social work practitioner can obtain a true picture of the child and his / her environment. By using a theoretical paradigm the practitioner has managed to fully comprehend the clients situation and what its influences are; now they can use their knowledge of practice to provide assistance to the child and family. As theory and practice are interrelated, it is accurate to say that they shape one another as well. Sheafor and Horejsi determine that, not only is it hard to separate theory and practice but practice is the process of using knowledge and applying theory in order to bring about specific change (2008, p. 46). During the process of time and practice, a practitioners knowledge base develops, changes, and becomes more comprehensive. To help recognise when change is needed, part of the social work practitioners role is to constantly reflect upon what they do and what they think about what they have done (Dominelli, 2004, p. 250). Reflexivity practice is cyclic, and begins with the experience of the task, reviewing what has happened, conceptualising and trying to understand relationships and finishing by predicting what to do next, thus giving the practitioner a new idea of how to proceed next time (Chenoweth McAuliffe, 2012). Reflexivity provides an opportunity to understand the way in w hich the workers personal views and interpretation intersect with practice-in-situation (Harms Connolly, 2011, p. 6). Reflexivity leads to praxis when an ideology is added; this is the process of strengthening our practice and a form of continual growth for the practitioner (Harms Connolly, 2011). During this time theories will also grow and change, leading to a change in practice. As most social work practitioners want to bring about change and help people, they are more inclined to promote social action (Shaefor Horejsi, 2008). Examining social injustices and inequalities in society is just part of the social work practitioners role (Payne, 2005). According to Payne (2005) this has led to the development of perspectives that broaden the range of factors that lead to inequality and injustice (p. 230). Culturally sensitive practice in New Zealand was developed in order to promote perspectives that encompassed MÄ ori value and beliefs. Social work practitioners saw the need to treat MÄ ori within the context of their culture, not the dominant culture of the Pakeha. MÄ ori well-being is viewed as holistic, containing characteristics from the spiritual, mental, physical and extended family (Durie, 1994). Where a psychodynamic theory might work with a Pakeha, the one to one dynamics and required openness of the dialogue, does not encompass the culture of MÄ ori. This led to the development of mÄ ori models like the whare tapa whÄ  model, Te Wheke and NgÄ  Pou Mana (Durie, 1994). The whare tapa whÄ  model was formed from the findings that MÄ ori health was suffering due to the westernised treatment of them while sick (Durie, 1994). The standard dominant Pakeha model of health was not allowing MÄ ori to follow their cu ltural beliefs; therefore a new theory or models were developed to encompass MÄ ori culture. This in turn led to improved practice. Social work practitioners now understand when working with Maori that it is not just the individual that needs to be considered but the collective (Durie, 1994). In conclusion, the interrelationship between theory and practice denotes that they are reliant on one another for the social work practitioner to develop their professional selves. For quality practice, a social work practitioner must have a sound knowledge base of theory and practice. The developments of new perspectives enhance the ability of the social work practitioner to have an ethical practice. Thompson states (as cited in Thompson, 2000a) practice which does not take into account of oppression and discrimination cannot be seen as good practice (p. 10). The use of theoretical paradigms in social work practice provides the practitioner with an understanding of where the client is at in their situation, what they will do to assist the client and how they will do it. Theory shapes practice in the way that what the practitioner learns will affect the way they practice. Similarly how the practice is developed, is based not only on theory but also experience, so this shapes theory i n that it may be modified to suit. The process of reflection helps the practitioners ability to look back on their practice and the theories they have used, allowing them to review their thoughts and feelings. A change in theory and practice has enabled MÄ ori to be treated in a way that is more in line with their culture, making the practitioner more sensitive and well-rounded which leads to an improved practice.

The Grapes of Wrath - Beauty in the Midst of Hopelessness Essay

The Grapes of Wrath: Beauty in the Midst of Hopelessness    The Grapes of Wrath portrays life at its darkest.   It is the story of migrant workers and the hardships and heartbreaks that they experience as they are driven from their land - the land that   they have lived on for generations - so the banks can make a profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sure, cried the tenant men, but it's our land.   We measured it and broke it up.   We were born on it, and we got killed on it, died on it.   That's what makes it ours - being born on it, working it, dying on it.   That makes ownership, not a paper with numbers on it (p.45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steinbeck follows the Joad family as they leave their farm to forge a new life in the land of opportunity - California - where life is golden and jobs are abundant . . . or so they think.   They are met with distrust and dislike by the residents of the cities they pass through, and they have little success in finding jobs with salaries that they can survive on. Once the Joads reach California, they discover that the situation there is much the same; the jobs are sparse and wages low.   People are starving to death while fruit rots on the trees.   Once again, this is so others can make a profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And children dying of pellagra must die because a profit cannot be taken from an orange.   And coroners must fill in the certificates - died of malnutrition - because the food must rot, must be forced to rot (p.477).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steinbeck masterfully weaves a powerful and gripping story of hope, heartbreak, and survival, alternating the account of the Joads' journey with chapters that take a step back and show the struggle of the United States as a whole.   This gives the book a depth that is rarely achieved in literature - at le... ...rror behind - strange things happen to them, some bitterly cruel and some so beautiful that the faith is refired forever" (p.166). Sources Cited and Consulted Cunningham, Charles D. "Solidarity, Sympathy, Contempt: The Mythology of Rural Poverty in Depression America." Diss. Carnegie Mellon U, 2001. French, Warren. "John Steinbeck" Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 1, Gale Research Co.: Book Tower: Detroit 1973. Lechteihn, Yuri. "The Awakening of Tom Joad." 2 pp. Online. Internet. 30 April, 2004. Available http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Steinbeck/grapes.html. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc, 1993. Timmerman, John. John Steinbeck’s Fiction. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. Wilson, Edmund. "The Noonday Press." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 13, Gale Research Co. Book Tower: Detroit 1973.

Human Body Systems Essay

The human cell is said to be a living thing because it is a basic functional unit of any living organism. Thus it performs the most detailed functions like energy generation, facilitating tissues functions, hence organism control. Body cells feed, grow, respire, excrete and can die. A cell is the smallest basic unit of life. It is made up of chemical substances such as atoms, ions and molecules that are important for life. The body is made up of different types on cell. For instance, egg cell, muscle cell, rode cells found in the eye, sperm cell, hair cell and nerve cell. Each of these different types of cell performs different functions in the body of the organism. Different cells are joined together through biological processes to form tissues, for example, epithelia tissue and muscles tissue. More so, different tissues unite to form different organs. An organ is formed of two or more tissues that collectively undertake a specific function in the body of an organism. Some examples of organs are the stomach, heart, kidney, lungs, and liver. When a number of organs are coordinated together towards a certain body function they form a system. The human body has eleven major systems which include the digestive, respiratory, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic, skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, muscular and urinary systems. As discussed earlier the livelihood of an organism depends entirely on the functionality of each particular cell, tissue, organ and system. For example, the reproductive system is responsible for the propagation of genetic material to new organisms of the same species. The system results from the organization of reproductive cells, tissues and organs. In other wards, if each particular cell, tissue, organ and system functions effectively within its role the organism must be sustained alive. All the body systems are interlinked to form a fully functioning organism It is worth noting that for any cell or tissue and body part to function effectively it must be supplied with enough energy. The process by which energy is made available to cells and organs is metabolism. This process ensures an endless flow of matter and energy via an interlinked set of connections of chemical reactions within the cell, tissues, organs and organ systems. This results in a sustainable and continuous supply of body building materials, constant body repair and development of the organism. Generally, biological life is maintained by metabolism which involves food intake, digestion and its subsequent transformation into energy source for the cells. Food plays a vital role in the growth and development of body cells hence organisms’ health and life satiability. All living thing feed, grow, reproduce, move, breath and die. Food intake necessitates growth, development, reproduction, breathing, digestion, excretion, movement of organisms. Organisms are categorized in to five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protisti and bacteria. The fetal pig and human are related in their body systems since they are all animals. They are further classed in to mammals which bring them closer in terms of organ systems such as respiration, digestion, reproduction and endocrine systems. Thus when a fatal pig grows, its body functions the same as that of and adult pig except for a few systems. The development processes involved in pigs is similar to that of humans. In conclusion, body systems are formed by organs, which are formed by tissues resulting from cells. A living organism sustains its life and health through internetworking of the different body organs and systems through their specific functions in the body. The cell is a basic unit of life.

Is Technology Changing Culture - 1377 Words

Do it yourself (DIY) is a term used to describe building, modifying, or repairing of something without the aid of experts or professionals. The phrase do it yourself came into common usage in the 1950s in reference to home improvement projects which people might choose to complete independently. In recent years, the term DIY has taken on a broader meaning that covers a wide range of skill sets. DIY is associated with the international alternative rock, punk rock, and indie rock music scenes; indymedia networks, pirate radio stations, and the zine community. In this context, DIY is related to the Arts and Crafts movement, in that it offers an alternative to modern consumer cultures emphasis on relying on others to satisfy needs. The†¦show more content†¦Some homes that had four walls turned to homes with three walls due to bombings or accidents. The homes stayed damaged until jobs were available, which was not until World War II. The culture changed by adapting to the needs of the society. As centuries passed bows and arrows slowly turned into self-guided missiles that work more efficiently but crudely. The traditional bows and arrows require more effort to be done by its user, while the new, modern, self-guided missile only requires you to aim and push a small butto n. Even though all technological advancements develop in a particular cultural context, it does not mean that they stay within that cultural context. Useful technologies spread, either through relocation of residents or by distribution of techniques to neighboring inhabitants. The requirements and customs of the culture that implements a new form of technology outline how that technology is used among the culture. An example from the Middle East is trained horses. Horses were tamed around 4000 B.C. in the region of current Ukraine, and from there diffused south and eastward, reaching Anatolia around 3000 B.C. and Mesopotamia around 2100 B.C. [4] Although the prairie nations that first domesticated the horses first used it for transportation, horses in Mesopotamia were first used for draught, substituting for the smaller, and less efficient donkeysShow MoreRelated Is Technology Changing Culture? Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology, an extravagant advancement of hominid creatio ns, is revolutionizing cultures by substituting the manifestation of human intellectual achievement with facile objects that make life on earth easier. The fact that technology affects all individuals is inevitable, since everyone is surrounded by it, from large nuclear reactors to small nano chips. Culture is affected greatly from these daily encounters by changing views upon war, religious traditions, and lifestyles. These changes do notRead MoreThe Surrender Of Culture And Technology Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is a neutral tool that does not shape what humans desire, it solely allows people to fulfill their desires. If the main human desires are remaining constant and only the ways in which humans express themselves is changing due to technological advances, then technology does not alter human values and desires in a significant way. In the book Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology, Postman explains the evolution of human dependency on technology. He starts with the tool-usingRead MoreA Short Note On Pop Music And Its Effects On Popular Culture932 Words   |  4 Pagesaudio-visual media content through online social media community networks. Jung Shim (2014, pp.485) illustrate that following Psy’s global success, other Korean pop music or K-Pop, have become one of the most vigorously distributed forms of pop culture globally, through its distribution via social networks. 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Following are the few key points of changes in work place: 1) Improving Efficiency and Productivity: With the use of new technologies, efficiency of doing work has been improved.The numberRead MoreQuestions On Managing Organizational Change890 Words   |  4 PagesPost How to Survive Organizational Changes in the Fast-Changing World As we have learned all quarter, managing the changing organizational environment is one of the most salient challenges in today’s business world. Managing organizational change properly can minimize resistance from employees and cost of and maximize the effectiveness of the changes. In other words, managing organizational change addresses the human side of the changing management. Personally, I think organizational changes are

The Yellow Wallpaper as a Guide To Insanity and Madness

The Yellow Wallpaper as a Guide To Insanity There comes John, and I must put this away- he hates to have me write a word (p659). As evident by the above quote, Gilman places the narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper as secluded as she could be; she is placed in a large house, surrounded only by her husband and by little help (Jennie), when it is unfortunately clear that her relationship with her husband is based on distance and misunderstanding: It is so hard to talk with John about my case, because he is so wise, and because he loves me so(p 663). Gilman further confines her narrator as it becomes clear that the poor soul has absolutely no one to talk to; that is, no one who can understand her. The narrator is cornered by her†¦show more content†¦Any other perspective that she could have reached (such as her husband or hired help) is biased from the core! That is, biased from the narrators point of view. In some cases of mental illness the subject questions its own reality, yet the narrator is positively sure about her o wn. The narrator does not even waste her time on trying to get a second or third opinion. She knows what she sees, and she sees a woman figure behind the horrific wallpaper. Her tone is rather calm for such a discovery, and that is the second aspect of her tone; she is fully comfortable with her imaginary world; far more comfortable than she is in her real world. Throughout the story, Gilman holds us attentive and sympathetic due to the specific positioning of the narrator; the narrator confides in us and us alone. The whole story is told as journal entries and personal thoughts. In reading the journal entries we fell privileged and intimate. 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Essay On Thanksgiving - 2044 Words

official new day of thanksgiving. Of all its seasons of anarchy, creation never conceived that its sin of corruption would ever become mighty enough to kill a God. It also brought many to collapse on the ground to claw at the dirt in anguish. They looked upon Him, the one they pierced, and mourned for Him as one mourns for an only child and grieved bitterly. His body was taken and placed in state on the Temple Mount where mourners came to bring flowers and stood by His side in a candlelight vigil of prayer and supplication. Nations came to believe the time had arrived, the beginning of the end that eventually comes to all dictatorships. The secular and church world waited in all smugness for Utopia and everything it advocated to be†¦show more content†¦Never had they ever conceived of reaching such a pinnacle—they shot God in the head. They gloated with satisfaction, smiling in their sleep. Three days lapsed, allowing enough time for everyone to expel themselves of self-made jokes about a rotting Messiah and a rotting God when the unbelievable came to pass. The prayer vigil on the Temple Mount reached the ears of a Creator who was a stones throw away. Life again entered the body of Gods Anointed One, causing Him to sit erect on His own. His movement orchestrated the world to fall again down to the hopelessness they believed they had risen and escaped. Jews on the Temple Mount blew every shofar, rang every bell, and sang praises to God that outdid the praising of all their ancestors combined. The plight of global hunger caused humanity to stand shoulder to shoulder along the worlds beaches with fishing poles in hand, trying to catch a fish to eat. Woe to the person who caught something edible and tried to carry it home without an escort. Having given up on a God who does nothing but take, the hungry and torn cursed at the sunset, knowing it would bring another dreadful sunrise. Self-pity was used for a salve to ease heart bleeding, while no one could remember ever being stabbed. After coming so close to fulfilling their hopes, learned it was a false hope, they were led to dream how wonderful life could be if God and His angels would drop dead and rot. They hoped to moveShow MoreRelatedEssay On Thanksgiving831 Words   |  4 Pages Thanksgiving is a day to give thanks to your life and everyone and everything in it. Thanksgiving is thought of in different ways and is celebrated in unlike ways. Families have divergent meals, places that they visit on Thanksgiving, a nd activities that they enjoy taking part in on Thanksgiving. Overall, no matter what traditions there are, what meals you have, or the activities enjoyed on Thanksgiving, Thanksgiving is truly a wonderful holiday. There are many places that peopleRead More Thanksgiving Essay examples588 Words   |  3 Pagessurprising. Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims seem to go together, but the truth is, the Pilgrims never held an autumnal Thanksgiving feast. However the Pilgrims did have a feast in 1621, after their first harvest, and it is this feast, which people often refer to as quot;The First Thanksgivingquot;. This feast was never repeated, though, so it cant be called the beginning of a tradition, nor was it termed by the colonists or quot;Pilgrimsquot; a Thanksgiving Feast. In fact, a day of thanksgiving was aRead MoreThe Tradition of Thanksgiving Essay819 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore the dormancy of winter settles in, the annual compensation of Thanksgiving brings families and friends together to celebrate life with food. Common on most tables, turkey, stuffing, green bean casserole and pumpkin pie fill our stomachs and warm our hearts. 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When you are with whoever’s house you go to, you get to be you andRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Thanksgiving1766 Words   |  8 Pages For families across the United States, Thanksgiving is a holiday to come together with family and loved ones to celebrate the good things life has to offer. Before analyzing my own family’s Thanksgiving festivities, I hadn’t given much thought to way we celebrate and what the underlying meanings of our actions are. While some of the traditions of the holiday say something about our society as a whole, I was also able to view the implicit meanings of my family’s specific actions. This analysis madeRead MoreComparing Thanksgiving and Christmas Essay555 Words   |  3 Pageswere always Thanksgiving and Christmas. This time of the year always is the happiest because everything feels so refreshing because I am spending quality time with the people I love most. When it comes to Thanksgiving and Christmas, I always seem to have the most memorable good and bad moments. These holidays have very different meanings but have the same feeling because it symbolizes, good foo d, good times with family and a whole lot of drama. When I think about Thanksgiving and ChristmasRead MoreEssay on Friendship in The Thanksgiving Visitor652 Words   |  3 PagesThe Thanksgiving Visitor In Truman Capote’s The Thanksgiving Visitor, a connection is exposed between the main character, Buddy, and his elderly best friend, Miss Sook, which serves as the center point of the story and reveals much about the intricacies of human nature. An autobiographical tale, the author describes his childhood of the 1930s in rural Alabama. An 8-year-old orphan who lives with his four cousins of sixty-plus years, he is an outcast among his peers who finds school and life outsideRead More The Second Tradition of Thanksgiving Essay807 Words   |  4 Pages When the great holiday of Thanksgiving comes to mind, most people think of becoming total gluttons and gorging themselves with a seemingly unending amount of food. Others might think of the time spent with family and friends. The whole basis of the holiday is family togetherness, fellowship, and thankfulness for blessings received during the previous year. Every family has their own unique way of spending time together with loved ones only seen during the holidays.

Biography of Lena Maria Klingvall free essay sample

Biography of Lena Maria Klingvall Background: Lena Maria Klingvall, from Jonkoping, Sweden, was 20 years old when she became known to the Swedish TV-viewers through the documentary called ‘Goal in Sight’. Lena Maria was born in 1968 without arms and with only one healthy leg while the other one is half developed. She has to walk with an artificial leg and the cause of her disability is unknown. Lena Maria learnt how to swim when she was only three years old. At the age of eighteen, she entered the National Swedish Games where she was granted a place in the national team. At the same year, she took two gold medals and set two world records in the World Championship. The highlight of her swimming career was the Paralympic Games 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. From 1987 to 1991 Lena Maria studied at The Royal College of Music in Stockholm. Since her examination she has been touring all over the world such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Through her around 60 tours in Asia with concerts, TV, radio and media and around 50 CDs and movies she has attracted attention. Her song at the Opening Ceremony at the Paralympic Games in Nagano was truly appreciated. Lena Maria has been an artist in the Mouth and Foot Painting Artist Association since 1990. She is also engaged in different occasions to talk about humandignity, identity and life quality. In 1996 Lena Maria wrote a book about her life called ‘Foot-Notes’. The book is translated and published in 14 different languages. Lena Maria has also written a second book called ‘Happy Days’. During spring in 2005, Lena Maria received an Honorary Citizenship of Taiwan and also the ‘Artur Erikson’ scholarship. In January 2008 Lena Maria received the H. M. The Kings Medal from H. M. King Carl XVI Gustaf with the words: For prominent accomplishment as an artist and athlete and as a model for people with disabilities in Sweden and abroad. ’ 2009 Lena Maria held a speech at TED. com where other speakers like Bill Gates and Al Gore took part. Objective: * To introduce the background of Lena Maria and the inspiration that she brings to all of us. * To emphasize the importance of being a herald of optimism and encourage ourselves or others to live a happy life in spite of obstacles. * To provide protection to the handicappers, society shouldn’t ignore them as veryone is treated in the same way. * To inform the public about the value of life of each person. Human beings should appreciate what they have and do not give up easily no matter what difficulties they faced. Storyline: EMCC producing team came far away from China to Stockholm, Sweden to hold an interview with Lena Maria Klingvall and ask her the reason why she is happy. This interview was recorde d under Gospel Profiles. Lena Maria Klingvall is a famous singer and world record-breaking swimmer. She was born without arms, and with one of her legs severely deformed. This interview was about the story of Lena Maria Klingvall and the reason how she could live happily and successfully. The weather in Stockholm by that time is extremely low with -6 degrees. However Lena Maria still welcome them with friendly smile and reporters felt touched watching Lena Maria’s happy smile and kindly reception. During the shooting of film, the producing team had found out a lot of incredible things about Lena Maria. Lena Maria was born as a handicapped child, she could have blaming or giving up, but instead she has maintained a positive, courageous, and upbeat attitude. Even in her baby and early childhood photos, we can see that she radiates happiness. Lena Maria could handle a lot of things by herself without asking for any help. She could drive in her reconstructed car, wear on seatbelt, clean her home, takes care of the laundry and other practical things. There is no difference between her and others. Her self-confident and optimism should be learned by the public. The producing team had also paid a visit to Lena Maria’s parents. We could see that Lena Maria has a very supportive family. Her dad said after she was born, Arms or no arms, she needs a home anyways! They made every effort to give her a normal life and help her to be independent. Therefore, Lena Maria’s parents are the most important figures in her life. Lena Maria said her faith has given her a good self-esteem and the realization that God created her and loves her more than any person can do gives her much comfort, strength and joy. In Sweden she had done a lot of chu rch concerts and sang songs that describe how she had experienced God’s love and supportive in her life. On Lena Maria’s concert tours in Asia she also sang some gospel songs but her repertoire is wider there. Audience analyst: The main character in this video: Lena Maria Klingvall, Lena Maria’s parents, reporters * Medium: You Tube. com * Target audience for this video: All human beings especially handicappers and those who are easily desperate in obstacles and hardships * Gender: Both male and female * Occupation: All types of occupation Value analyst: Moral Theory| Moral Action| Moral Reason| Moral Evaluation| Religious morality| Lena Maria had done a lot of church concerts in Sweden and also performed gospel songs on her concert tours in Asia. | Lena Maria believes God has given her a good self-esteem and loves her more than any person can do. This encourages her to be confident and happy. | Â  Lena Maria shows a vibrant faith in God. She is very regardful and she believes that God makes no mistakes on her disability, and that is a part of Gods special plan for her life. | Personality virtue| Lena Maria was born as a handicapped child but she never gives up or blamed anyone for her disability. | Lena Maria behaved optimistically due to her disability because she believed that everyone has his or her own value. | Lena Maria shows a good individual characteristic. She is able to determine how to behave due to her disability on her life. Â  Personal Ethical egoism| Lena Maria took part in various sports and artistic activities. For example, she represented her own country and broke the world record in Seoul Paralympic Games 1988. | Lena Maria took part in sports due to her self-interest and she never thought that her disability could stop her from doing anything. | Â  It’s hardly to see handicappers like Lena Maria who could be so confident and tried so hard to archieve what she wants. She had shown a personal ethical egoism, because she ought to act in her self-interest, but that make no claims about everyone else ought to do so. Â  Social morality| Lena Maria had written two books which are Footnotes and Happy Days about her story. | Â  This is to encourage human beings should never give up whenever faced difficulties and obstacles. | Â  Lena Maria’s positive-thinking, self-confidence and independence would inspire the public to live a happy life in spite of obstacles. | Existentialism| Lena Maria’s parents put their biggest effort to take care of their daughter and refused to adopt doctor’s opinion to send her to welfare organization. | This is because Lena Maria is their wn daughter and they wanted to grow her by their own effort and give her a lovely home. | Lena Maria’s parents accept the existence of their handicapped daughter and insist on taking care of Lena Maria by their own. They take responsibility for their own actions and decisions by support and love her. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Discussion: Moral theories which have applied in the biography of Lena Maria Klingvall are religious morality, personality virtue, personal ethical egoism, social morality and existentialism. Firstly, religious morality refers to the faith and belief of someone in a spiritual being such as God and could classify into three categories which are paganism, racial and revealed. It has educational advantages for it emphasizes self-improvement. Besides, it sets realistic goals based on love and kindness, more concerned with purifying and elevating mankind. Religious morality, because of the nature of the relationship between God and man, is predicated on obligations. An essential ingredient of most religions, are claims regarding the existence of supernatural beings and events. These claims are beliefs based on faith rather than knowledge, that is, they lack an essential element of epistemological validity proof. However, religions have further difficult problems when evaluated in reference to the most important universal principle of honesty. When those people expounding the doctrines of religions refer to these claims as truth, it is difficult to understand how they are not guilty of at best, intellectual dishonesty. Individual believers of course, cannot be blamed for stating what they genuinely believe to be true. In this context, a fundamental flaw in the application of religious morality is that it cannot be universal, as different religions define different laws of morality. On the other hand, individual personality virtue focuses more on the individual, and their characteristics, as opposed to just looking at an action that has been carried out. It avoids the problem of act-centred normative theories with their emphasis on either ends or means and there are no set moral rules that have to be applied in a moral dilemma. The individual will be seen to ave done the right thing as long as they do something seen as virtuous in that circumstance. According to Aristotle, everyone start by doing acts that are objectively virtuous without any knowledge. As we practice these acts, we come realize this particular virtue is good or not. This able to help us to determine how to behave and act in certain way. In addition, an individual’s personality virtues are operational. This is not only taken place internally but also externally since others might follow what you have done. Individual personality virtue is important because it may lead a person to succeed in the future. One of the problems is that people will always think that skill is more important than personality virtue. However we have to notice that skill only used for specific activities. Besides, individual personality virtue lacks of absolute moral rules which can give clear guidance on how to act in specific circumstances. But, the important question in virtue ethics as to what kind of person one ought to be, which may be answered differently depending on the ethos, can still give real direction and purpose to people. In addition, personal ethical egoism state that a person ought to act in their self-interest, but no claim about what everyone else ought to. According to egoists, with our capitalist economy, it encourages individual freedom and responsibility and fits in best. While the problem with this form is that it applies only to one individual and cannot be laid down for humanity in general because to do so probably would not be in the egoists self-interest. It means this might cause other people’s anger and unsatisfied towards our self-interest. Besides, personal ethical egoism offers no consistent method of resolving conflicts of self-interests. Since we do not live in isolated, self-sufficient communities but rather in increasingly crowded communities where social, economic, and moral interdependence are facts of life and where self-interests conflict constantly and somehow must be compromised. Furthermore, social morality which concerns human beings in relation with others encompasses social taboos to ensure social harmony. It is the most important aspect of morality and can be seen from religious aspects such as Buddhists are advised not to be extreme in life and should also behave virtuously. Moreover, it identifies situations so that each person wards off self-interest to strengthen a system of behaviour that brings benefit to self as well as to other people. Social morality also serves to resolve conflict in the society by giving justifications that are acceptable to the public as bases for action. This theory also pays special attention to the interests and benefits of society, not the interests of individuals. However, a society which reined by regulations that restrict the freedom of members of the society will result in a dogmatic and authoritative situation. For instance, some societal regulations prohibit the public from criticising moral values in the regulations that have been implemented. This reduces the autonomy of members of the society and increases the authority of those in power. Another problem is that when the society has different laws, regulations, customs, and moral values, morality relativism will occur in misunderstanding, conflict and social tension. Many instances of communal unrest, social crisis, and war between countries have taken place because of differences in ideology and belief between two parties.